Hướng dẫn viết biểu đồ trong IELTS Writing Task 1

1. Các dạng biểu đồ hay gặp

Sau đây là 5 loại graphs thường gặp nhất trong writing task 1.

• Line Graph

• Bar chart

• Pie chart

• Table

• Mixed Graph

Lời khuyên của DOL là nên tập viết từng loại một, đừng học tủ bất kỳ dạng nào. Bạn có thể tìm hiểu thêm về từ vựng và cách phân tích đề ở: https://www.dolenglish.vn/blog/chung-chi-ielts

2. Cách lựa chọn những thông tin chính

Trong Data Analytics nói chung hay IELTS nói riêng, bạn không nên, hoặc thậm chí là không được nhắc tới mọi data có trong biểu đồ. Chìa khóa ở đây là chọn ra những thông tin chính, đặc điểm nổi bật, hay thông tin mang nhiều ý nghĩa nhất để nói. Kể cả trong đoạn miêu tả tổng quan lẫn đoạn thân bài chi tiết. Điểm khác biệt là đoạn Overall không nhắc tới số chi tiết.

Đối với các biểu đồ có sự thay đổi theo thời gian, các số quan trọng nhất là các số ở đầu và cuối của biểu đồ đường, cũng như các số liệu cao nhất và thấp nhất. Bạn phải đưa những con số này vào bài viết của mình. Các giám khảo sẽ tìm kiếm những con số này khi cho điểm bạn về tiêu chí Task Achievement

2.1. Phần Overview

Cách chọn thông tin:

Ví dụ:

The line graph shows the global demand for different textile fibers between 1980 and 2015.

• Trend: Nhu cầu cho tất cả các loại vải đều tăng trừ Cellulose.

• Thông tin nổi bật: Cotton và Polyester đứng đầu, và vào cuối thời điểm (2015) thì nhu cầu Polyester vượt Cotton.

Phân tích về Overview của DOL

• The demand for polyester rose rapidly

• While the global need for polyester, cotton, and cellulosic experienced an increase, that of wool dropped slightly over the period shown.

Overview mẫu:

Overall, it can be seen that the demand for polyester rose rapidly during the whole period. And while the global need for polyester, cotton, and cellulosic experienced an increase, that of wool dropped slightly over the period shown.

2.2. Phần body

Cách chọn thông tin:

Phân tích về ideas cho body của DOL

Body paragraph 1: Nói về cotton và polyester

Cotton:

• In 1980: 14 million tons => the most popular fabric

• From 2000, this number went up steadily before experiencing a drop

• After a slight decline, the demand for this textile rose gradually

Polyester:

• A stable increase - much greater than cotton

• This fabric’s demand surged to reach its peak - more than double that of cotton at the end of the period

Body paragraph 2: Nói về cellulosic và wool

Cellulosic:

• Experienced a slight decline before rising to 10 million tons in 2015

Wool:

• Shared the opposite pattern

• From 1980 to 2000, the figure wool declined after a minor increase of 1 million tons

Body mẫu:

In 1980, the cotton demand was 14 million tons, which made it the most popular fabric to be needed. From 2000, this number went up steadily to approximately 26 million before experiencing a drop of nearly 4 million tons. After a slight decline, the demand for this textile rose gradually to 31 million tons at the end of the period. Polyester demand also saw a stable increase from roughly 5 to 32 million tons in 2000, which was much greater than cotton. This fabric’s demand surged to reach its peak at 70 million tons, which was more than double that of cotton at the end of the period.

Regarding cellulosic and wool, the demand for the former experienced a slight decline of 1 million tons from 1980 to 2000 before rising to 10 million tons in 2015. Wool’s demand shared the opposite pattern. From 1980 to 2000, the figure wool declined to only 0.5 million tons after a minor increase of 1 million tons.

2.3. Tip với biểu đồ dạng bảng

Nhiều bạn hỏi DOL cách miêu tả biểu đồ trong ielts dạng Table trong IELTS vì không có các đường biểu thị xu hướng dễ nhìn như line graph. DOL mách bạn như sau:

Ví dụ:

The table shows the amount of money given to developing countries by the USA, EU countries and other countries from 2006 to 2010. (Figures are in millions of dollars).

Phân tích về ideas cho overview của DOL (Xét theo xu hướng và contributor lớn nhất)

• The amount of money donated saw an upward trend during the whole period

• While the USA was the biggest contributor, the EU and other nations gave almost similar small amounts in 5 years.

Overview mẫu:

Overall, it is clear that the amount of money donated saw an upward trend during the whole period. And while the USA was the biggest contributor, the EU and other nations gave almost similar small amounts in 5 years.

Phân tích về ideas cho body của DOL

Body 1: Financial funds from America, European and other countries (Xét theo thời gian)

In 2006:

The money from America given to developing countries was 9,8 million dollars; that from European and other nations was 3,1 and 2,8 million dollars

Body mẫu:

The next two years:

• This figure from all regions increased steadily before experiencing a slight drop of about 0,3 million in 2009 and rose again in 2010.

The total donations:

• Grew from 15,7 to 28,1 million, except for a decline of 0,9 million USD in 2009

Body 2: The total amount of money allocated for developing countries (So sánh các contributors)

• The USA still took the lead - 5 times higher than the EU and other regions, 4,1, and 3,7 million dollars in specific

Body mẫu:

In 2006, the money from America given to developing countries was 9,8 million dollars, whereas that from European and other nations was 3,1 and 2,8 million dollars, respectively. In the next two years, this figure from all regions increased steadily before experiencing a slight drop of about 0,3 million in 2009 and rose again in 2010. The same trend can be observed in the total donations of all countries, which grew from 15,7 to 28,1 million, except for a decline of 0,9 million USD in 2009.

At the end of the period, the USA still took the lead in the total financial aid allotted for developing countries with 20,3 million dollars, which was 5 times higher than the EU and other regions, 4,1, and 3,7 million dollars in specific.

3. Dạng biểu đồ đặc biệt: Mixed Chart

Ví dụ:

The graphs below show the cinema attendance in Australia and the average cinema visits by different age groups from 1996 to 2000.

Phân tích về ideas cho overview của DOL

DOL chỉ ra điểm quan trọng nhất của cả 2 biểu đồ:

• Despite a gradual dip in frequency, there was a sharp rise in cinema attendance over the years

• The younger the attendants were, the more likely they were to enjoy visiting the cinema.

Overview mẫu:

Overall, it is clear that despite a gradual dip in frequency, there was a sharp rise in cinema attendance over the years. On the whole, the younger the attendants were, the more likely they were to enjoy visiting the cinema.

Phân tích về ideas cho body của DOL

Mỗi đoạn 1 biểu đồ:

Body 1: Table

Cinema attendance:

• Accounted for 62% of the total Australian population --> went up quickly to 72% --> Fluctuated around 71% until 2000

The number of average visits:

• Recorded a negligible increase from 10.3 in 1996 to 11.1 in 1997 --> Dropped to 8.3 in 2000

Body 2: Line graph

• These figures reflected similar fluctuating trends throughout the years with two peaks in 1997 and 1999

Body mẫu:

In 1996, cinema attendance accounted for 62% of the total Australian population. This figure then went up quickly to 72% a year later before fluctuating around 71% until 2000. The number of average visits, on the other hand, recorded a negligible increase from 10.3 in 1996 to 11.1 in 1997, followed by a drop to 8.3 in 2000.

With regard to the number of cinema visits, these figures reflected similar fluctuating trends throughout the years with two peaks in 1997 and 1999. Going to the cinema appeared to be a popular activity among younger demographics as people from 14 to 24 paid 15 visits on average in 1996, followed by people aged 25-35 (14 visits), 35-49 (12.5 visits) and over 50 with only 10 visits. Aside from peaks reached in 1997 and 1999, the figures for 4 age brackets also experienced a dip in 1998 before finishing at the same ranks at around 18 visits for 14-24 age group, 17 visits for 25-35 group, 15 for 35-49 group and just below 14 for over 50 group.

3.1. Những lỗi sai thường gặp

3.2. Lưu ý khi làm dạng bài Mixed Chart

Mời bạn xem thêm video 5 cách để cải thiện kĩ năng viết nhé:

4. Bài mẫu các dạng biểu đồ

Để rõ hơn về cách viết biểu đồ trong IELTS task 1, cùng tham khảo các bài mẫu nổi bật từ nhà DOL nha.

4.1. Line graph

The graph shows the average Japanese monthly salary (Yen) from 1953 to 1983, and the prices of black and white televisions and color televisions during the same period.

The given line graph illustrates the average monthly income of the Japanese and the prices of televisions (black & white and color) from 1953 to 1983.

Overall, it can be seen that while the average Japanese monthly salary rose, television prices experienced a significant drop during the period. In addition, in the same time frame TV prices were mostly higher than the Japanese mean earnings.

Regarding the prices of television, black and white TV cost 110 thousand yen in 1970, which was the highest figure throughout the period shown. 10 years later, a significant decrease of 70 thousand yen in this cost was recorded. The prices of this type of TV gradually fell to almost roughly one-fifth thousand yen in 2000. Similar patterns can be observed in the cost of color TV. Although the price of this means of entertainment was a hundred when it first appeared in 1980, it declined to only half at the end of the period.

In terms of salary, at the beginning of the period, the Japanese only earned 20 thousand yen monthly. This number gradually increased by 10 thousand in 1995 and at the end of the period, the average monthly salary of people living in Japan grew to approximately 70 thousand yen in 2000.

4.2. Bar chart

The chart below shows the percentage of males and females with higher education qualifications in five countries in 2001.

The given bar chart illustrates the proportion of men and women in 5 countries who pursued higher education in 2001.

It can be seen that Germany and Switzerland had the highest percentage of males and females having higher education qualifications. In addition, the percentage of women holding degrees in higher education in Japan was the lowest among the surveyed categories.

With regard to male graduates, Germany, the UK, and the US shared the same figure of 35% - the lowest number recorded in this category. At the same time frame, the proportion of men pursuing higher education in Switzerland was the highest (45%) which was 5% more than that in Japan.

In terms of female graduates, the leading position was German with 45% of its women following higher education, and only one-quarter of Japanese fellows were graduates of tertiary education. The United States followed the trend in female graduation with a percentage of 40%. The proportion of females with higher degrees in Britain and Switzerland was 30% and 35%, respectively.

4.3. Pie chart

The charts give information about world forest in five different regions.

The pie charts show the breakdown of global forest area as well as timber production by world regions.

As can be seen in the graph, Africa, despite holding the greatest share of world forest, contributes the least with respect to timber production. It is also evident that Asia covers modest forested areas as well as timber output.

Regarding the first pie chart, whilst North America is home to one-quarter of the world's forest area, 27% of the total forest coverage comes from Africa. Having not much of a difference, the figures for Europe, South America and Asia make up 18%, 16% and 14% in the proportion of world forest correspondingly.

According to the second pie chart, North America ranks first with nearly one-third of timber produced, as opposed to the figures for South America and Europe, which account for around one-fifth. Standing at 18%, Asia’s timber contribution is double the figure for Africa, which amounts to a negligible 9%.

4.4. Table

The table shows questionnaires about the opinions of club members and the general public for the new theatre in one town in 2012.

The table shows questionnaires about the opinions of club members and the general public for the new theatre in one town in 2012.

The given table illustrated information about the points of view of club members and the public towards the three components of the newly-built theatre in a town including facilities, information, and quality in 2012.

Overall, it can be seen that the majority of both parties show their deep contentment with the three surveyed elements. In addition, there is a relatively small proportion of people from the club and the public expressed their dissatisfaction with the facilities and quality.

In specific, regarding facilities, nearly three-fourths of the club members graded the equipment in excellent state, compared to a lower number of 64% obtained from the public perspective. Noticeably, there were only 8% of the general public considered facilities in the new theater as poor, which was 4 times higher than the figure collected from the club members.

The general public gave more positive comments (66%) for the information about the theater than the club member (54%). However, this category gained a more moderate percentage of satisfied and dissatisfied answers from both studied groups of participants in comparison to the remaining varieties.

4.5. Mixed Chart

The pie and bar charts below show the percentage of water consumption and use in Australia in 2004.

The pie chart details the water consumption of various major consumers in Australia in 2004, whereas the bar chart offers a closer look at residential water use.

A glance at the graphs reveals that houses and apartments consumed water the most. Clearly, regarding residential water usage, an appreciable amount of water was used in the bathroom and garden in Australia in 2004.

As for the pie chart, residential use held a lion’s share of the overall water consumption, accounting for 70%, much higher than the figures for industrial (11%) and business (10%). Government and other purposes only made up a negligible proportion of total water usage at 6% and 3% respectively.

Regarding the line graph, households consumed 28% and 27% of total water for activities in the bathroom and garden. This figure for washing clothes was 20%, 5% higher than the rate of water consumption in the toilet. Residents in houses and apartments used 10% of total water for purposes in the kitchen.

5. Từ vựng và ngữ pháp dùng trong dạng bài biểu đồ

Ngoài học về cách viết biểu đồ trong IELTS, bạn cũng cần nắm các từ vựng thông dụng trong dạng bài miêu tả biểu đồ để có thể triển khai ý tốt nhất nhé.

5.1. Từ vựng miêu tả xu hướng

5.2. Từ vựng miêu tả tốc độ mức độ thay đổi

5.3. Cấu trúc câu mô tả sự thay đổi

Tổng quan:

• During the timeframe

• Over the … year period

• In the last … years

• Between … and …

• Over the years ….

Ví dụ:

• Over the 10-year period, several innovative developments have been added.

• The graph presents the spending pattern of Americans in the last 50 years.

• The given table illustrates data on different aspects of undergraduates who took six different majors at an Australian University between 1990 and 2020.

Cụ thể:

• Các từ miêu tả sự mở rộng: Enlarged/Expanded/Extended

• Các từ miêu tả sự chuyển đổi: Flattened/destroyed/Removed/Cleared

• Các từ miêu tả sự thêm vào: Added/Builts/Establish/Introduced

• Từ miêu tả sự thay đổi: replaced/relocated/developed/modernized

Ví dụ:

• There are plans to enlarge the recreation area.

• The remains of the trees had been cleared from the area in 1990.

• These apartments have been established in the area in 1998.

• The forest was replaced by a newly constructed parking lot.

5.4. Cấu trúc câu so sánh

• Similar

• Differentiate

• Compare

• On the contrary/In contrast

• less/fewer

• More

• A little

Ví dụ:

• Similar to category A, category B witness an upward trend.

• On the contrary, category C saw a downward trend.

• Compare to the last 2 years, this year's campaign frequency was doubled.

5.5. Cách sử dụng giới từ

Giới từ thể hiện vị trí (Location)

Một vài giới từ thể hiện vị trí thông dụng có thể kể đến:

• Between A and B: giữa A và B

• Among + Danh từ số nhiều: giữa nhiều sự vật (thường từ 3 trở lên)

• In front of: Trước mặt

• Behind: Sau lưng

• Across: Ngang qua

• Along: Dọc theo

• Beside/Next to: Kế bên, cạnh bên

Ví dụ:

• Between the hotel and the restaurant, there was a natural stream.

• There are plans to construct a new recreational area in front of the building.

• The hospital beside the river is going to be destroyed next year.

6. Câu hỏi thường gặp

DOL hy vọng là bài viết trên đã giúp bạn biết nhiều hơn về cách viết biểu đồ trong IELTS để có thể áp dụng tự học hiệu quả. Nếu có bất kỳ thắc mắc gì về IELTS Speaking hay các kỹ năng, đừng ngần ngại mà liên hệ DOL qua các kênh sau bạn nhé: